{"id":154,"date":"2025-12-20T15:11:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T07:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/?p=154"},"modified":"2025-12-20T16:23:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T08:23:25","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0-%e9%85%8d%e4%bd%8d%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/2025\/12\/20\/%e7%ac%ac%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e7%ab%a0-%e9%85%8d%e4%bd%8d%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u7531\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u51e0\u4e2a\u914d\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u4ee5\u914d\u4f4d\u952e\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5373\u542b\u6709\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a$[Co(NH_3)_6]Cl_3$ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u4e3a $Cl^-$\uff0c\u5185\u754c\u4e3a $[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u914d\u4f4d\u6570\uff1a\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6210\u952e\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u914d\u4f4d\u4e2a\u6570\uff1a\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u591a\u57fa\u914d\u4f53<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b80\u5355\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u4f53\u4f46\u662f\u6709 $x$ \u4e2a\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u591a\u57fa\u914d\u4f53\uff0c$x = 2$ \u65f6\u53eb\u505a\u53cc\u57fa\u914d\u4f53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u7531\u591a\u57fa\u914d\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u73af\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u87af\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u5185\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u87af\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Note]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u57fa\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u753b\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53cc\u57fa\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u76d0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u591a\u57fa\u914d\u4f53\u4e0e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u547d\u540d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u89c1\u914d\u4f53\u4ee3\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>$OH^-$ \u7f9f\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$-ONO^-$ \u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u6839\uff08\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u4e3a\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$SCN^-$ \u786b\u6c30\u9178\u6839<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$NCS^-$ \u5f02\u786b\u6c30\u9178\u6839<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$CO$ \u7fb0\u57fa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$NO$ \u4e9a\u785d\u9170<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$en$ <strong>\u4e59\u4e8c\u80fa<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$Ph_3P$ <strong>\u4e09\u82ef\u57fa\u81a6<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$py$ <strong>\u5421\u5576<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$edta$ <strong>\u4e59\u4e8c\u80fa\u56db\u4e59\u9178<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>$q$ <strong>\u516b\u7f9f\u57fa\u594e\u6797<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fde\u7f00\u8bcd \u5185\u5916\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5148\u9634\u540e\u9633\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u914d\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5916\u754c\u95f4\u52a0\u201c\u5316\u201d\u5b57\uff1b\u82e5\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u914d\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u914d\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4f46\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5916\u754c\u95f4\u52a0\u201c\u9178\u201d\u5b57\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143 \u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u4ee5\u5185\u4e3a\u201c\u5148\u914d\u4f53\u540e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u7528\u5927\u5199\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e09\u56db\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u914d\u4f53\u7528<code>\u00b7<\/code>\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u914d\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95f4\u52a0\u201d\u5408\u201c\u5b57\uff0c<strong>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u586b\u6c27\u5316\u6570<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5148\u65e0\u673a\u540e\u6709\u673a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5148\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u540e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\/\u5206\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u7c7b\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6309\u7167<strong>\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50<\/strong>\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u5728\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u914d\u4f53\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u5c11\u7684\u5728\u524d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u6309\u7167\u4e0e\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Caution]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e94\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u662f<strong>\u6709\u5e8f<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Caution]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u6027\u914d\u4f53\u548c\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u914d\u4f53\u7b26\u53f7\u5e94\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u540e\u9762\u5e26\u7ed3\u6676\u6c34\u7684\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a<code>$x$ \u6c34\u5408<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bcd\u7f00\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u987a\u53cd\uff0c\u987a\u52a0<code>cis<\/code>\u53cd\u52a0<code>trans<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u6784<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u5206\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f02\u6784\u548c\u7acb\u4f53\u5f02\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ed3\u6784\u5f02\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u914d\u4f53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u79bb\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5185\u5916\u754c\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u79bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\u82e5\u5185\u5916\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e92\u4e3a\u89e3\u79bb\u5f02\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u952e\u5408\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82e5\u914d\u4f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u4e24\u53ef<\/strong>\u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u952e\u5408\u5f02\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3a\u785d\u57fa $NO_2^-$ \u4e0e\u4e9a\u785d\u9178\u57fa $ONO^-$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f53\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u4f53\u4e92\u4e3a\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e92\u4e3a\u914d\u4f53\u5f02\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Note]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e26\u7ed3\u6676\u6c34\u548c\u4e0d\u5e26\u7ed3\u6676\u6c34\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u70ed\u5206\u6790\u4eea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u989c\u8272\u533a\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u5bfc\u7387<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u7ea2\u5916\u5149\u8c31\u4eea\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7ea2\u5916\u5438\u6536\u9891\u7387<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65cb\u5149\u4eea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7acb\u4f53\u5f02\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u952e\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u914d\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">| \u914d\u4f53\u6570 | \u7ed3\u6784 | \u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u4e2a\u6570 |<br>| :-: | :----------: | :--------------------: |<br>| 4 | $Mab_3$ | \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709 $1$ \u4e2a\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784\u4f53 |<br>| 4 | $Ma_2b_2$ | 2 |<br>| 4 | $Mabc_2$ | 2 |<br>| 4 | $Mabcd$ | 3 |<br>| 6 | $Ma_2b_4$ | 2 |<br>| 6 | $Ma_3b_3$ | 2\uff08\u5206\u4e3a\u9762\u5f0f\u3001\u7ecf\u5f0f\uff09 |<br>| 6 | $Mab_2c_3$ | 3 |<br>| 6 | $Ma_2b_2c_2$ | 5 |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Note]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u51e0\u4f55\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u989c\u8272\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6559\u6750\u4e0a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f $[CoCl_2(en)_2]$ \u7684\u987a\u5f0f\u4e3a\u7d2b\u8272\uff0c\u53cd\u5f0f\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272<br>\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u548c\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u4e2a\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65cb\u5149\u5f02\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65cb\u5149\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4ef7\u952e\u7406\u8bba<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6784\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7a7a\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6742\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u7a7a\u8f68\u9053\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u539f\u5b50\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u6742\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u683c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">| \u914d\u4f4d\u6570 | \u6742\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f | \u6784\u578b |<br>| :-: | :---------------: | :---: |<br>| 2 | $sp$ | \u76f4\u7ebf\u5f62 |<br>| 3 | $sp^2$ | \u4e09\u89d2\u5f62 |<br>| 4 | $sp^3$ | \u56db\u9762\u4f53\u5f62 |<br>| 4 | $dsp^2$ | \u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62 |<br>| 5 | $sp^3d,dsp^3$ | \u4e09\u89d2\u53cc\u9525\u5f62 |<br>| 6 | $sp^3d^2,d^2sp^3$ | \u516b\u9762\u4f53\u5f62 |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ef7\u5c42\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6742\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u5728\u5916\u5c42 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u5916\u8f68\u578b\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u952e\u53eb\u505a<strong>\u7535\u4ef7\u914d\u952e<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5185\u5c42 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6742\u5316\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u5185\u8f68\u578b\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u952e\u53eb\u505a<strong>\u5171\u4ef7\u914d\u952e<\/strong>\u3002<strong>\u5171\u4ef7\u914d\u952e\u6bd4\u7535\u4ef7\u914d\u952e\u5f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5185\u5916\u8f68\u578b\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6839\u636e\u4ef7\u952e\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531<strong>\u914d\u4f53<\/strong>\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b<strong>\u5f3a\u914d\u4f53<\/strong>\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u6392\uff0c\u7a7a\u51fa\u5185\u5c42\u7684 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f3a\u914d\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u6709 $CO, CN^-, NO_2^-$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f31\u914d\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u6709 $F^-, Cl^-, H_2O,C_2O_4^{2-}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Warning]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 $[PtCl_6]^{2-}$\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u56e0\u4e3a\u534a\u5145\u6ee1\u6216\u662f\u5168\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6309\u7167\u5f3a\u5f31\u914d\u4f53\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u901a\u7684<br>jeq\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a$Pt$ \u662f\u9ad8\u5468\u671f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c$s$ \u8f68\u9053\u6536\u7f29\uff0c$d$ \u8f68\u9053\u5f25\u6563\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7535\u5b50\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f $Cl^-$ \u5bf9 Pt \u662f\u5f3a\u914d\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u4e9b\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 $NH_3$ \u548c $en$\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff08\u6559\u6750\uff09\u662f $NH_3$ \u5bf9\u4e8e $Co^{3+}$ \u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u5f3a\u914d\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u78c1\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u5148\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6709\u5355\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5177\u6709<strong>\u987a\u78c1\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u90fd\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5177\u6709<strong>\u53cd\u78c1\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u77e9 $\\mu$\uff08\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u78c1\u5929\u5e73<\/strong>\u6d4b\u51fa\uff09\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5355\u7535\u5b50\u6570 $n$ \u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$\\mu = \\sqrt{n(n + 2)}\\mu_B$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$\\mu_B$ \u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\u7531\u78c1\u77e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5355\u7535\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u5185\u8f68\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u8f68\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ef7\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece\u4ef7\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u7269\u8d28\u7a76\u7adf\u79f0\u4e3a\u5185\u8f68\u578b\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u8f68\u578b\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u5bf9\u540e\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8865\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$\\sum{P} + E_\u5916 ? E_\u5185$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u6709 $E_\u5185$ \u5927\u4e8e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u5185\u8f68\u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u9988 $\\pi$ \u952e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53cd\u9988\u952e\uff1a\u7531\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u5411\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u7a7a\u8f68\u9053\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u952e\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u952e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u7528\u7684\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u548c $CO$ \u7684 $2\\pi$ \u53cd\u952e\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u91cd\u53e0\u5f62\u6210 $\\pi$ \u952e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/strong>\u914d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6570\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u534a\u5f84\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8d8a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u9988 $\\pi$ \u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u203b\u203b\u203b\uff09<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a\uff0c\u6307<strong>\u5728\u6676\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u914d\u4f4d\u591a\u9762\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9759\u7535\u52bf\u573a<\/strong>\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7403\u5f62\u7535\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a $5$ \u6761 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u662f\u7b80\u5e76\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u975e\u7403\u5f62\u7684\u7535\u573a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<strong>\u80fd\u7ea7\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">$d$ \u8f68\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u5206\u88c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$d$ \u8f68\u9053\u5171\u6709 $5$ \u4e2a\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u671d\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u53d7\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u5347\u9ad8\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c$d_{x^2 - y^2}$ \u548c $d_{z^2}$ \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5347\u9ad8\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7403\u5f62\u573a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7b80\u5e76\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a <strong>$d_\\gamma$<\/strong>\uff08\u7fa4\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a $e_g$\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u8f68\u9053\u80fd\u91cf\u5347\u9ad8\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7403\u5f62\u573a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7b80\u5e76\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a <strong>$d_\\epsilon$<\/strong>\uff08\u7fa4\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a $t_2g$\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c06\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7b80\u5e76\u8f68\u9053\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u5dee\u79f0\u4f5c\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\uff0c\u7528 $\\Delta$ \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7528 $\\Delta_o$ \u8868\u793a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c$d_{xy}, d_{xz}, d_{yz}$ \u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5347\u9ad8\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7b80\u5e76\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a <strong>$d_\\epsilon$<\/strong>\uff08\u7fa4\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a $t_2$\uff09\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u80fd\u91cf\u7b80\u5e76\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a <strong>$d_\\gamma$<\/strong>\uff08\u7fa4\u8bba\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u4e3a $e$\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7528 $\\Delta_t$ \u8868\u793a\uff0c<strong>$\\Delta_t &lt; \\Delta_o$<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u5206\u522b\u4e3a $d_{x^2 - y^2} &gt; d_{xy} &gt; d_{z^2} &gt; d_{yz} = d_{xz}$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7528 $\\Delta_p$ \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u6709 <strong>$\\Delta_p &gt; \\Delta_o$<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f71\u54cd\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u203b\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6676\u4f53\u573a\uff08\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff09 \u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u914d\u4f53\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u8377\u6570 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u79bb\u5b50\u7535\u8377\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5bf9\u914d\u4f53\u5f15\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u5468\u671f\u6570 \u914d\u4f53\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fc7\u6e21\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5468\u671f\u5927\u7684\u539f\u5b50 $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u8f83\u4f38\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u914d\u4f53\u4f5c\u7528\u5927<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5149\uff08\u8c31\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u5e8f\u5217\uff09 \u5e38\u89c1\u914d\u4f53\u6309\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u9012\u589e\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e3a $$I^- &lt; Br^- &lt; SCN^- &lt; Cl^- &lt; F^- &lt; OH^- &lt; -ONO^- &lt; C_2 O_4^{2-} &lt; H_2O &lt; NCS^- &lt; NH_3 &lt; en &lt; NO2^- &lt; CN^- \\approx CO $$ \u4ece\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5364\u7d20 &lt; \u6c27 &lt; \u6c2e &lt; \u78b3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5206\u88c2\u540e $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5e03<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6392\u5e03\u4ecd\u9075\u5faa\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u4e09\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e $d^4$ \u7535\u5b50\u7ec4\u6001\uff08\u5373\u4ef7\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6784\u578b\u4e3a $d^4$\uff09\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u5bf9\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u5bf9\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4f4e\u81ea\u65cb\uff08\u9ad8\u6210\u5bf9\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u9ad8\u81ea\u65cb\uff08\u4f4e\u6210\u5bf9\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5f3a\u573a\u914d\u4f53\/\u5f31\u573a\u914d\u4f53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u80fd\uff08\u203b\u203b\u6027\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5206\u88c2\u540e $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$<br>E(d_\\gamma) = \\dfrac{3}{5}\\Delta_o \\<br>E(d_\\epsilon) = -\\dfrac{2}{5}\\Delta_o<br>$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$<br>E(d_\\epsilon = \\dfrac{2}{5}\\Delta_t)\\<br>E(d_\\gamma) = -\\dfrac{3}{5}\\Delta_t<br>$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6559\u6750\u5e76\u672a\u7ed9\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5143\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u56e0\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f53\u7cfb\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u503c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u80fd\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb CFSE\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a$CFSE = E_\u7403 - E_\u6676$\uff0c\u800c $E_\u7403 = 0$\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709 $CFSE = 0 - E_\u6676$\uff0c\u800c $E_\u6676 = n(d_\\gamma) \\times E(d_\\gamma) + n(d_\\epsilon) \\times E(d_\\epsilon) + n_\u6210\u5bf9 \\times P$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Caution]<br>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f3a\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u5f31\u573a\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u6210\u5bf9\u80fd\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\u80fd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u6c34\u5408\u70ed\u7684\u53cc\u5cf0\u66f2\u7ebf<\/strong>\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u663e\u8272\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u90e8\u5206\u6ce2\u957f\u88ab\u7269\u8d28\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6ce2\u957f\uff08\u5373\u4e0e\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u7684\u5149\u4e92\u8865\uff09\u7684\u5149\u900f\u8fc7\u6216\u88ab\u53cd\u5c04\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u7269\u8d28\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672a\u88ab\u5438\u6536\u6ce2\u957f\u7684\u5149\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">d-d \u8dc3\u8fc1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a $d$ \u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u7684\u5149\u80fd\u540e\u4ece\u4f4e\u80fd\u7ea7\u8f68\u9053\u8dc3\u8fc1\u9053\u9ad8\u80fd\u7ea7\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a $d-d$ \u8dc3\u8fc1\u3002\u82e5\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u6070\u597d\u5728\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5219\u5316\u5408\u7269\u663e\u73b0\u989c\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7535\u8377\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7535\u5b50\u7ec4\u6001\u4e3a $d^0$ \u6216 $d^{10}$ \u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f $d-d$ \u8dc3\u8fc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u6001\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u7531\u989c\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u5f3a\uff0c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u53d8\u5f62\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u4e92\u8865\uff01\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ece\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u5411\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u82e5\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc1\u79fb\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u5316\u5408\u7269\u80fd\u663e\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7535\u8377\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$cdI_2(4d^{10})$ \u9ec4\u7eff\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$HgI_2(5d^10)$ \u7ea2\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$VO_3^-$ \u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$CrO_4^{2-}$ \u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$MnO_4^-$ \u7d2b\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Caution]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e29\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6781\u5316\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u6559\u6750\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3a $AgI$\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u663e\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u663e\u7d2b\u8272<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u59dc-\u6cf0\u52d2\u6548\u5e94\uff08\u203b\u203b\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u7578\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u5728\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff0c\u82e5\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u57fa\u6001\u65f6\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5e76\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5e76\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653e\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6784\u578b\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u53d1\u751f\u80fd\u7ea7\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86 $[Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+}$ \u7531\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca $[PtCl_4]^{2-}$ \u7531\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u53d8\u4e3a\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u914d\u4f4d\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f4d\u89e3\u79bb\u5e73\u8861<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u53ea\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6c89\u6dc0\u6eb6\u89e3\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u8054\u52a8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\u4e0e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\/\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u5b9e\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u914d\u4f4d\u89e3\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570\u53eb\u505a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u8d8a\u5927\u914d\u4f4d\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d8a\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u5012\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e38\u6570\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u89e3\u79bb\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c31\u8d8a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f71\u54cd\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u203b\u203b\u203b\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6676\u4f53\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u6750\u6ca1\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u573a\u6bd4\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a\u8fd9\u79cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u573a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7535\u8377\u6570 \u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\/\u5468\u671f\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u6570\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6240\u5728\u5468\u671f\u6570 \u540c\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6240\u5904\u5468\u671f\u8f83\u5927\uff0c$d$ \u8f68\u9053\u8f83\u4f38\u5c55\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u914d\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u914d\u4f53\u4e2d\u914d\u4f4d\u539f\u5b50\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u5316\u5b66\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u5206\u88c2\u80fd\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u87af\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u87af\u5408\u6548\u5e94<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u87af\u5408\u7269\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u87af\u5408\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u87af\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210<strong>\u4e94\u5143\u73af\u3001\u516d\u5143\u73af<\/strong>\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u5e94<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e3a\u5e73\u9762\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u914d\u4f53\u53d7\u5176\u53cd\u4f4d\u914d\u4f53\u914d\u4f4d\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6309\u914d\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53cd\u4f4d\u914d\u4f53\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6392\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u5e94\u5e8f\u5217\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$H_2O,NH3 &lt; Cl^-,Br^- &lt; -SCN^-,NO_2^- &lt; PR_3 &lt; CN^-, CO$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Tip]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bfe\u540e\u9898\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7531 $Pt$ \u5236\u5907\u987a\u94c2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5148\u8ba9 $Pt$ \u5728\u738b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0e $KCl$ \u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u751f\u6210\u7684 $K_2[PtCl_6]$ \u52a0\u5165\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 $K_2C_2O_4$ \u5f97\u5230 $K_2[PtCl_4]$\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0e\u6d53\u6c28\u6c34\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 $[Pt(NH_3)_4]^{2+}$\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e $Cl^-$ \u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 $[Pt(NH_3)_3]Cl^{+}$\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u4f4d\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e $Cl^-$ \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u987a\u94c2<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">$18$ \u7535\u5b50\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[!Caution]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53c8\u79f0 $EAN$ \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u8003<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4ef7\u5c42\u8fbe\u5230 $18$ \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u4f4d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e00\u822c\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e5f\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9178\u78b1\u7684\u8f6f\u786c\u5206\u7c7b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8def\u6613\u65af\u7684\u9178\u78b1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3a\u9178\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3a\u78b1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5171\u5206\u4e3a $6$ \u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u786c\u9178\uff1a\u534a\u5f84\u5c0f\uff0c\u7535\u8377\u9ad8\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u786c\u9178<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f6f\u9178\uff1a\u534a\u5f84\u5927\uff0c\u7535\u8377\u4f4e\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u8f6f\u9178<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ea4\u754c\u9178\uff1a\u53d8\u5f62\u6027\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a$Cr^{2+}, Fe^{3+}, Co^{2+}, Ni^{2+}, Cu^{2+}, Zn^{2+}, Sn^{2+}, Pb^{2+}, Sb^{3+}, Bi^{3+}$ \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u786c\u78b1\uff1a\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5927\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u78b1\u79f0\u4f5c\u786c\u78b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f6f\u78b1\uff1a\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5c0f\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u6613\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u78b1\u79f0\u4f5c\u8f6f\u78b1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ea4\u754c\u78b1\uff1a\u53d8\u5f62\u6027\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u78b1\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a$Br^-, SO_3^{2-}, N_2, NO_2^-$ \u7b49<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8f6f\u786c\u9178\u78b1\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u539f\u5219<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u8f6f\u4eb2\u8f6f\uff0c\u786c\u4eb2\u786c\uff0c\u8f6f\u548c\u786c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u8b66\u793a\u6846\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u4e3a\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u8003\u7814\u6307\u5bfc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[8,7,15],"class_list":["post-154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11","tag-8","tag-7","tag-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=154"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":163,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/154\/revisions\/163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dlsz.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}